01 nginx简介

https://lnmp.org/nginx.htmlhttps://lnmp.org/nginx.html

又称 engin x，是一个高性能的 HTTP和反向代理服务器

特点

  • 内存少，专为性能优化开发
  • 并发能力强，能经受高负载考验

02 nginx概念

正向和反向代理

正向代理

Nginx同样可以用作正向代理进行上网。
正向代理： 典型的就是VPN上网，需要在客户端配置代理服务器

反向代理

客户端对代理无感知，客户端无需做任何配置，
由反向代理服务器选择目标服务器，反向代理服务器和目标服务器就是一个服务器，
暴露代理服务器地址，隐藏目标服务器地址

负载均衡

单个服务器性能低，可以增加服务器的数量，将请求分发到各个服务器上，也就是负载均衡。

动静分离

为了加快网站的解析速度，可以把动态页面和静态页面由不同的服务器解析。

03 nginx的安装和使用

3.1 nginx的安装

Nginx全部安装步骤https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37056888/article/details/107326131
XShell安装https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1747920954538162924&wfr=spider&for=pc
SHH服务器拒绝密码解决方法https://huaweicloud.csdn.net/63561cd9d3efff3090b5abe7.html?spm=1001.2101.3001.6661.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7Eactivity-1-124917457-blog-128695452.pc_relevant_aa&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7Eactivity-1-124917457-blog-128695452.pc_relevant_aa&utm_relevant_index=1
error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.解决方法https://blog.csdn.net/qq_17496365/article/details/97019490
pcre-8.37 make install报错https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37056888/article/details/107326131
ubuntu安装zlib方法https://blog.csdn.net/wu_cai_/article/details/80278611?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~baidujs_baidulandingword~default-0-80278611-blog-124211318.pc_relevant_multi_platform_whitelistv3&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.1&utm_relevant_index=3
nginx make报错https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46273997/article/details/115550134?spm=1001.2101.3001.6661.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1-115550134-blog-121437087.pc_relevant_recovery_v2&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1-115550134-blog-121437087.pc_relevant_recovery_v2&utm_relevant_index=1
永久保存修改过规则的更改http://www.manongjc.com/detail/25-zqxeremurgqyisq.html

3.2 nginx常用命令

前提条件： 必须要进入nginx目录。
具体目录位置：

  • /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

命令：

  • 查看版本号
    ./nginx -v
  • 查看进程
    ps -ef | grep nginx
  • 启动nginx
    ./nginx
  • 关闭nginx
    ./nginx -s stop
  • 重新加载nginx（特别是修改nginx.conf之后）
    ./nginx -s reload

3.3 nginx配置文件

配置文件位置： /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
     server {
            # listen       80;
            listen  8080;
            server_name  localhost;

            #charset koi8-r;

            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }

            #error_page  404              /404.html;

            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

全局块
events块
http块

从开始到events块之间的内容，
影响nginx服务器的整体运行

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1; # 表示nginx服务器并发处理的数量，越大表示处理并发量越多

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

影响Nginx服务器与用户网络的连接

1
2
3
events {
    worker_connections  1024; # 支持的最大连接数
}

nginx服务器中配置最频繁的部分，
代理、缓存、日志绝大多数功能和第三方模块都在这，
http块包括：

  • http全局块
    • 包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等
  • server块
    • 和虚拟主机有密切关系
    • 又包括全局server和location
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
     server {
            # listen       80;
            listen  8080; # 端口号
            server_name  localhost; # 主机号

            #charset koi8-r;

            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }

            #error_page  404              /404.html;

            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

04 nginx配置实例

4.1 反向代理

反向代理配置全过程https://blog.csdn.net/XJ0927/article/details/109501032
rz传输错误问题解决方案https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40443457/article/details/86595668?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1-86595668-blog-128444598.pc_relevant_recovery_v2&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1-86595668-blog-128444598.pc_relevant_recovery_v2&utm_relevant_index=2
linux中配置javahttps://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/492149414
linux中配置tomcathttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1752814258019071848&wfr=spider&for=pc

4.2 负载均衡

负载均衡全案例https://blog.csdn.net/XJ0927/article/details/109501188

4.3 动静分离

05 nginx原理

参考资料

许可协议

本文产自🐙足八桑🐙肚子里了剩无几的墨水，转载请注明出处

分享文章

快来参与讨论吧~